Everything You Need To Know About Landlord Tax Documents

Navigating tax season as a landlord can feel overwhelming, but understanding the key landlord tax documents you’ll encounter is essential for accurate filing and maximizing your deductions. Whether you own rental property as an individual or through a business entity, knowing how these forms interact and what they mean for you is critical to ensuring compliance and minimizing your rental property taxes liability.

Let’s explore the most common tax forms landlords use in detail to prepare you for the upcoming 2025 tax season.

Schedule E: How to Report Rental Income and Expenses

Schedule E is the primary form for individual landlords to report supplemental income such as rental property income and expenses. It calculates taxable rental income by subtracting deductible expenses from total income.

You should file Schedule E if you:

• Own rental property individually, with a spouse, or through a single-member LLC.
• Do not provide substantial tenant services beyond housing.
• Receive income reported on Schedule K-1 as a partner or shareholder of a rental property-owning entity.

Accurate filing of Schedule E not only ensures compliance with IRS regulations but also maximizes tax savings through allowable deductions and ensures consistency with Schedule K-1 and other forms.

IRS Form 8825: Reporting Rental Earnings Through a Partnership or S Corporation

IRS Form 8825 reports rental income and expenses from properties owned through partnerships, S corporations, multi-member LLCs, estates, or trusts. It ensures accurate tax reporting at the entity level, with results flowing into Schedule K-1 for individual partner reporting.

You should file Form 8825 if:

• You own rental property through a partnership, S corporation, or multi-member LLC.
• You need to transfer results to Schedule K-1 for partner reporting.

The accurate filing of Form 8825 ensures compliance with IRS regulations and provides partners with the information needed to report their income and expenses correctly on individual returns.

IRS Form 1040: The Foundation of Individual Tax Returns

Form 1040 is the primary document used by U.S. taxpayers to report annual income. It includes income from wages, dividends, interest, rental properties, and more. Rental income and expenses are detailed on Schedule E, which is attached to Form 1040.

Nearly all taxpayers must file Form 1040, including:

• Landlords with rental income
• Self-employed individuals
• Investors with capital gains or dividends

Form 1040 is essential for calculating taxable income, claiming deductions, and determining tax owed or refunded. For landlords, it serves as the gateway to reporting rental real estate income accurately and efficiently.

IRS Schedule D: Reporting Capital Gains and Losses

IRS Schedule D is a tax document filed alongside IRS Form 1040, specifically used to report capital gains and losses. It applies to the sale, exchange, or trade of capital assets, such as rental properties, stocks, or bonds.

For landlords, gains from selling a rental property must be reported on Schedule D. If the sale results in a loss, it may be deductible depending on the property’s classification. However, losses from personal-use assets, like a primary residence (e.g., real estate transactions reported on Form 1099-S).

Schedule D provides a detailed summary of capital asset transactions, including:

• Short-Term Gains and Losses: From assets held for one year or less.
• Long-Term Gains and Losses: From assets held for more than one year, which may qualify for favorable tax rates.
• Carryover Losses: Losses from prior years that can be applied to offset gains in the current tax year.

You must file Schedule D if you:

• Sell Rental Properties: Report gains or losses from selling properties used for investment purposes.
• Sell Investments: Include transactions involving stocks, bonds, or other financial assets.

For landlords, Schedule D is critical for accurately reporting the financial outcomes of selling investment properties. By properly categorizing transactions as short-term or long-term and applying carryover losses, you can reduce your tax liability and avoid penalties for underreporting income.

IRS Form W-2: Reporting Employee Wages and Taxes

IRS Form W-2, also known as the Wage and Tax Statement, is a tax form used to report an employee’s earnings and tax withholdings for the fiscal year. Employers use it to outline federal and state taxes withheld from wages, as well as contributions to Social Security and Medicare. For landlords who hire staff for their rental property businesses, issuing accurate W-2 forms is essential to avoid penalties and maintain good standing with the IRS.

By law, employers must provide W-2s to employees by January 31st each year. Employees use this form to file their annual tax returns by including the data on their Form 1040. Filing W-2 information accurately ensures compliance with IRS requirements and facilitates employees’ tax filing processes.

The W-2 provides critical information about an employee’s income and tax withholdings, including:

• Wages, Tips, and Other Compensation: Total earnings before tax deductions.
• Federal Income Tax Withheld: Amount withheld for federal income taxes.
• Social Security and Medicare Tax Withheld: Contributions to these programs.
• State and Local Taxes: Withholdings for state and local income taxes, if applicable.
• Other Information: Contributions to retirement plans, dependent care benefits, or other deductions.

Employers must issue a W-2 for each employee who earned $600 or more during the year. This requirement applies to all employees, including:

• Part-Time Workers: W-2s are required regardless of employment duration.
• Family Members: Even relatives working for a family business must receive a W-2 if they meet the income threshold.

Employers must submit W-2 forms to both the IRs and the employee before January 31st to avoid penalties.

For landlords who hire staff for their rental property businesses, issuing accurate W-2 forms is essential to avoid penalties and maintain good standing with the IRS.

IRS Form 1099: Reporting Payments Beyond Traditional Employment

IRS Form 1099 refers to a series of forms used to report payments to individuals or entities that are not employees (e.g., independent contractors). These forms are designed to capture taxable income that might otherwise go unreported. Landlords may encounter several types of Form 1099 depending on the nature of payments made or received, such as:

• Form 1099-INT: Interest income from financial institutions.
• Form-1099 DIV: Dividend or distribution income from investments.

Form 1099 is also issued to individuals or entities who receive reportable payments, including:

• Form 1099-NEC: For contractors or freelancers paid $600 or more for services related to rental property operations, such as roof repairs or landscaping.
• Form 1099-MISC: For landlords receiving rental income, royalty payments, or other qualifying earnings.
• Form 1099-S: For individuals reporting gross proceeds from the sale of real estate.

For example, if you hire an independent contractor to repair a roof and pay them $600 or more, you must issue a Form 1099-NEC to report the payment. Similarly, if you sell a property and the proceeds are reportable, you will receive a Form 1099-S.

For landlords, Form 1099 ensures transparency and compliance with IRS regulations. Filing and receiving these forms helps landlords maintain accurate records and void potential penalties for underreporting income.

IRS Form 1065: Reporting Partnership Income

IRS Form 1065 is an informational tax return that partnerships use to report their annual financial activity. Partnerships do not pay taxes directly on their income. Instead, the income, gains, deductions, and credits are distributed to individual partners, who report this information on their personal tax returns using Schedule K-1.

Form 1065 captures a detailed summary of a partnership’s financial activities, including:

• Income: Revenue from rental properties, service income, or other sources.
• Deductions: Expenses such as property management fees, maintenance, and mortgage interest.
• Credits: Tax credits that the partnership may qualify for.
• Gains or Losses: From property sales or other transactions.

The need to file Form 1065 depends on how rental property ownership is structured:

• Partnership-Owned Property: Partnerships that own rental properties must file Form 1065. Each partner receives a Schedule K-1 outlining their share of the income and expenses.
• Individually Owned Property: Landlords who own properties as sole proprietors file rental income on Schedule E, not Form 1065.
• LLC-Owned Property:
  • Single-Member LLCs: Treated as disregarded entities, reporting rental income on Schedule E.
  • Multi-Member LLCs: Treated as partnerships and must file Form 1065 unless they elect corporate taxation.
• Qualified Joint Ventures: Married couples in community property states may opt to report rental income directly on their joint tax return instead of filing Form 1065.

For partnerships, Form 1065 ensures compliance with IRS regulations and provides partners with accurate financial information. Timely and accurate filing not only avoids penalties but also streamlines the process of preparing individual tax returns for all partners involved.

IRS Form 1120S: Reporting Income for S Corporations

IRS Form 1120S is the U.S. income tax return specifically for S Corporations. Unlike C Corporations, S Corporations are not subject to corporate-level income taxes. Instead, they use pass-through taxation, where profits, losses, and other tax attributes are reported on the shareholders’ individual tax returns.

The purpose of Form 1120S is to detail the corporation’s income, losses, deductions, and credits for the tax year. It also provides the IRS with transparency regarding the corporation’s financial operations.

Key items reported include:

• Rental Income: Revenue generated from leasing properties.
• Deductions: Expenses such as property management fees, depreciation, mortgage interest, repairs, utilities, and insurance.
• Other Income and Gains: Capital gains from the sale of rental properties or other investments.
• Credits: Tax credits like those for energy-efficient upgrades or other qualifying expenses.

The data provided on Form 1120S flows through to shareholders via Schedule K-1, ensuring accurate reporting on their individual tax returns.

Landlords must file Form 1120S annually if their rental properties are owned through an S Corporation. This includes:

• Corporation-Owned Property: The S Corporation reports all income and expenses for properties under its ownership.
• Shareholders: Each shareholder receives a Schedule K-1 detailing their share of income, deductions, and credits, which they report on the individual returns.

IRS Form 1120S ensures proper reporting and distribution of a corporation’s financial data to its shareholders. For landlords, it provides a structured framework for tracking rental income, claiming deductions, and passing through profits or losses efficiently.

IRS Schedule K-1: Reporting Pass-Through Income

Schedule K-1 is a tax form used by pass-through entities such as partnerships, S corporations, and certain trusts or estates. These entities do not pay income tax themselves. Instead, they transfer their income and tax obligations to their stakeholders, who report this information on their individual tax returns.

The form’s content varies depending on the type of entity, but its purpose remains the same: to provide accurate financial data so stakeholders can correctly calculate their individual tax liabilities.

Schedule K-1 outlines a stakeholder’s share of an entity’s financial performance, including:

• Income and Losses: Ordinary business income, rental income, and investment income.
• Deductions: Expenses such as depreciation, interest, and operating costs.
• Tax Credits: Including foreign tax credits or investment tax credits.

This information is essential for ensuring that tax liabilities are properly allocated and reported, reflecting each stakeholder’s proportionate share of the entity’s earnings and expenses.

Landlords and other stakeholders may receive Schedule K-1 if they are part of:

• Business Partnerships: Partners receive K-1s reflecting their share of the partnership’s financial activities.
• LLCs: Multi-member LLCs treated as partnerships issue K-1s to members. Single-member LLCs do not, as they are considered disregarded entities.
• S Corporations: Shareholders are allocated income or losses based on their ownership percentage.
• Trusts and Estates: Beneficiaries receive K-1s if income is distributed to them.

For landlords involved in partnerships, multi-member LLCs, or S corporations, understanding and correctly utilizing Schedule K-1 is essential for accurate and efficient landlord tax filing.

IRS Form 1098: Reporting Tax-Deductible Mortgage Expenses

IRS Form 1098 is used by organizations to report tax-deductible expenses to both taxpayers and the IRS. For landlords, the most relevant version is the Form 1098 Mortgage Interest Statement, which details mortgage-related payments. The form is typically issued when:

• Mortgage interest payments meet or exceed $600 during the tax year.
• Mortgage insurance premiums or points are paid as part of a real estate transaction.

Form 1098 plays a key role in tax planning and landlord tax deductions. By accurately reporting deductible expenses, it helps reduce taxable income and ensure compliance with IRS regulations.

Landlord Tax Season Made Simple

Leveraging rental property software like Ledgre, in addition to understanding the essential landlord tax documents mentioned above, can further simplify the tax filing process. Ledgre automates the generation of critical forms such as Schedule E and Form 8825, helping landlords navigate the 2025 tax season with ease and confidence.

By familiarizing yourself with these forms, you can optimize your tax strategy, reduce liabilities, and maintain comprehensive records—key steps toward achieving long-term financial success and regulatory compliance as a landlord.

Disclaimer: Ledgre does not provide tax or legal advice. All information and materials available on this site are for general informational purposes only. Contact a tax professional for advice with respect to a specific tax matter.